Gambling Harms

Gambling is the activity of risking something of value (either money or other assets) on an event whose outcome is determined by chance. This can be done legally or illegally and is often associated with a risk of addiction, mental illness and financial stress. It can also impact relationships, performance at work or study and leave people with serious debt and homelessness. Harms can persist throughout life and are known to be transmitted intergenerationally.

Gambling harms can have an impact on the person gambling, their significant others and society as a whole. Harms are generally monetary, but can be non-monetary, and may involve psychological, physical or social consequences. A wide range of interventions are available to prevent gambling-related harm, and a universal pre-commitment system that requires those who gamble to set binding time and money limits has been shown to be effective. The removal of advertising and promotions, centralized account registration that requires those who gamble to set binding loss limits, and restrictions on access and availability are also important. Universal systems are most effective; voluntary schemes have poor uptake and can be difficult to enforce.

The majority of people who gamble do so for fun and in moderation. However, a small proportion of those who gamble can develop a problem. Problem gambling can have a major negative impact on health and wellbeing, leading to increased risk taking and financial difficulties. It can also affect relationships, cause stress and anxiety, interfere with study and employment, increase debt and lead to suicide. Those who are most at risk of developing a gambling problem include men, young people and those with mental health issues or family or peer problems.

People who have a gambling problem can feel ashamed and guilty, which makes them less likely to seek help. They might try to hide their addiction by lying about it or using other substances or activities, such as alcohol and drugs or excessive internet use. Some even attempt self-harm to cope with the distress caused by their gambling behaviour, including cutting and burning themselves or attempting suicide.

Trying to recover from gambling addiction can be very hard and involves seeking professional help. The first step is to recognise that there is a problem and accept the need for change. Then, it is important to find other things to do with your time to take the focus off gambling and improve your mental health. For example, exercise, hobbies and interests, or spending time with friends and family can all have positive effects on mental wellbeing, and can provide a distraction from gambling. You could also join a support group for people with a gambling addiction, such as Gamblers Anonymous. There are also many state-based helplines and websites where you can seek assistance. Alternatively, you can speak to a GP or psychologist about your gambling concerns. They will be able to help you to identify whether you have a problem and recommend appropriate treatment options.